This is interesting: hyperallergic.com/809531/ra…

The physiognotrace was popular up until the invention of the photographic camera in 1816 because it democratized the portrait and could create scientifically exact images. …because the profiles were so inexpensive — newspaper ads digitized on the microsite show four portraits costing 25 cents (approximately $5 today) — a greater range of individuals and families in different classes could afford to buy these images as keepsakes…